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Turks and Caicos Islands

Region: Central America and Caribbean

Affiliation: (overseas territory of the UK)

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Introduction Geography People and Society Government Economy Energy Communications Transportation Military Transnational Issues

Introduction

Background
The islands were part of the UK's Jamaican colony until 1962, when they assumed the status of a separate crown colony upon Jamaica's independence. The governor of The Bahamas oversaw affairs from 1965 to 1973. With Bahamian independence, the islands received a separate governor in 1973. Although independence was agreed upon for 1982, the policy was reversed and the islands remain a British overseas territory.

Geography

Location
two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas, north of Haiti
Geographic coordinates
21 45 N, 71 35 W
Map references
Central America and the Caribbean
Area
total: 948 sq km
land: 948 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative
2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries
0 km
Coastline
389 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Climate
tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry
Terrain
low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps
Elevation extremes
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Flamingo Hill 48 m
Natural resources
spiny lobster, conch
Land use
arable land: 1.05%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 98.95% (2011)
Irrigated land
NA
Natural hazards
frequent hurricanes
Environment - current issues
limited natural freshwater resources, private cisterns collect rainwater
Geography - note
about 40 islands (eight inhabited)

People and Society

Nationality
noun: none
adjective: none
Ethnic groups
black 87.6%, white 7.9%, mixed 2.5%, East Indian 1.3%, other 0.7% (2006)
Languages
English (official)
Religions
Protestant 72.8% (Baptist 35.8%, Church of God 11.7%, Anglican 10%, Methodist 9.3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6%), Roman Catholic 11.4%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.8%, other 14%
Population
49,070 (July 2014 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 22.1% (male 5,536/female 5,332)
15-24 years: 14.8% (male 3,552/female 3,715)
25-54 years: 53.5% (male 13,333/female 12,931)
55-64 years: 5.3% (male 1,434/female 1,188)
65 years and over: 4.1% (male 910/female 1,139) (2014 est.)
Median age
total: 31.9 years
male: 32.2 years
female: 31.5 years (2014 est.)
Population growth rate
2.58% (2014 est.)
Birth rate
16.61 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Death rate
3.08 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Net migration rate
12.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 93.8% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 1.67% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population
GRAND TURK (capital) 7,000 (2011)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2014 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 10.97 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 79.55 years
male: 76.8 years
female: 82.42 years (2014 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.7 children born/woman (2014 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: urban: 87% of population
rural: 87% of population
total: 87% of population
unimproved: urban: 13% of population
rural: 13% of population
total: 13% of population (2007 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: 81.4% of population
rural: 81.4% of population
total: 81.4% of population
unimproved: urban: 18.6% of population
rural: 18.6% of population
total: 18.6% of population (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths
NA
Education expenditures
NA
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 98%
male: 99%
female: 98% (1970 est.)
People - note
destination and transit point for illegal Haitian immigrants bound for the Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, and the US

Government

Country name
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Turks and Caicos Islands
abbreviation: TCI
Dependency status
overseas territory of the UK
Government type
NA
Capital
name: Grand Turk (Cockburn Town)
geographic coordinates: 21 28 N, 71 08 W
time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
Administrative divisions
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Independence
none (overseas territory of the UK)
National holiday
Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)
Constitution
several previous; latest signed 7 August 2012, effective 15 October 2012 (Turks and Caicos Constitution Order 2011) (2012)
Legal system
mixed legal system of English common law and civil law
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Peter BECKINGHAM (since 9 October 2013)
head of government: Premier Rufus EWING (since 13 November 2012)
cabinet: Cabinet consists of the governor, deputy governor, the premier, no more than six other ministers appointed by the governor from among the members of the House of Assembly, and the attorney general
elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is appointed premier by the governor
note: the UK foreign minister has determined that sufficient progress has been made to reinstate local government under a new constitution, effective in October 2012
Legislative branch
unicameral House of Assembly consisting of 19 seats, 15 elected and 4 appointed by the governor; of elected members, five are elected at large and 10 from single member districts for four-year terms
elections: last held on 9 November 2012 (next to be held in 2016)
election results: percent of vote - NA; seats by party - PNP 8, PDM 7
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and such number of other judges as determined by the governor); Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 2 justices)
note - appeals beyond the Supreme Court are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, in London
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Appeals Court judges appointed by the governor in accordance with the Judicial Service Commission, a 3-member body of high level judicial officials; Supreme Court judges appointed until mandatory retirement at age 65, but can be extended to age 70; Appeals Court judge tenure determined by individual terms of appointment
subordinate courts: magistrates' courts
Political parties and leaders
People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Oswald SKIPPINGS]
People's Progressive Party [NA]
Progressive National Party or PNP [Rufus EWING]
Political pressure groups and leaders
NA
International organization participation
Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), UPU
Diplomatic representation in the US
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation from the US
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Flag description
blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow and displays a conch shell, a spiny lobster, and Turks Head cactus - three common elements of the islands' biota
National anthem
name: "This Land of Ours"
lyrics/music: Conrad HOWELL
note: serves as a local anthem; as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" is the official anthem (see United Kingdom)

Economy

Economy - overview
The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, offshore financial services, and fishing. Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption are imported. The US is the leading source of tourists, accounting for more than three-quarters of the 175,000 visitors that arrived in 2004. Major sources of government revenue also include fees from offshore financial activities and customs receipts.
GDP (purchasing power parity)
$632 million (2007 est.)
$568.3 million (2006 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$NA
GDP - real growth rate
11.2% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP)
$29,100 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 29.6%
government consumption: 17.7%
investment in fixed capital: 52.9%
exports of goods and services: 76.2%
imports of goods and services: -76.3%
(2013 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 1%
industry: 22.5%
services: 76.5% (2013 est.)
Agriculture - products
corn, beans, cassava (manioc, tapioca), citrus fruits; fish
Industries
tourism, offshore financial services
Industrial production growth rate
3% (2013 est.)
Labor force
4,848 (1990 est.)
Labor force - by occupation
note: about 33% in government and 20% in agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial, and other services
Unemployment rate
10% (1997 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Population below poverty line
NA%
Budget
revenues: $434.1 million
expenditures: $437.6 million (2013 est.)
Fiscal year
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
2.5% (2013 est.)
2.5% (2012 est.)
Exports
$24.77 million (2008 est.)
Exports - commodities
lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells
Imports
$591.3 million (2008 est.)
Imports - commodities
food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials
Debt - external
$NA
Exchange rates
the US dollar is used

Energy

Electricity - production
200 million kWh (2010 est.)
Electricity - consumption
186 million kWh (2010 est.)
Electricity - exports
0 kWh (2012 est.)
Electricity - imports
0 kWh (2012 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity
50,000 kW (2010 est.)
Electricity - from fossil fuels
100% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Electricity - from nuclear fuels
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Electricity - from other renewable sources
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Crude oil - production
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
Crude oil - exports
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Crude oil - imports
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Crude oil - proved reserves
0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Refined petroleum products - consumption
999 bbl/day (2011 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports
1,063 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Natural gas - production
0 cu m (2011 est.)
Natural gas - consumption
0 cu m (2010 est.)
Natural gas - exports
0 cu m (2011 est.)
Natural gas - imports
0 cu m (2011 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves
0 cu m (1 January 2013 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy
155,500 Mt (2011 est.)

Communications

Telephone system
general assessment: fully digital system with international direct dialing
domestic: full range of services available; GSM wireless service available
international: country code - 1-649; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber optic telecommunications submarine cable provides connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)
Broadcast media
no local terrestrial TV stations, broadcasts from the Bahamas can be received and multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; government-run radio network operates alongside private broadcasters with a total of about 15 stations (2007)
Internet country code
.tc
Internet hosts
73,217 (2012)

Transportation

Airports
8 (2013)
Airports - with paved runways
total: 6
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways
total: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2013)
Roadways
total: 121 km
paved: 24 km
unpaved: 97 km (2003)
Ports and terminals
major seaport(s): Cockburn Harbour, Grand Turk, Providenciales

Military

Manpower fit for military service
males age 16-49: 11,842
females age 16-49: 11,755 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually
male: 338
female: 342 (2010 est.)
Military - note
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international
have received Haitians fleeing economic and civil disorder
Illicit drugs
transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe

This country information was last updated on January 01, 1970.